Dilution Calculator (C₁V₁ = C₂V₂)
What is Dilution (C₁V₁ = C₂V₂)?
Dilution is a fundamental concept in chemistry used to reduce the concentration of a solution by adding more solvent. The relationship between the initial and final concentrations and volumes is given by the equation:
C₁V₁ = C₂V₂
Here, C₁ represents the initial concentration, V₁ is the volume taken from the stock solution, C₂ is the final concentration, and V₂ is the final volume after dilution. This equation assumes that the amount of solute remains constant before and after dilution.
Dilution calculations are widely used in laboratories, pharmaceuticals, clinical research, and educational experiments. They are essential when preparing working solutions from concentrated stock solutions.
How to Use the Dilution Calculator
This dilution calculator makes it easy to apply the C₁V₁ = C₂V₂ formula. Simply enter any three known values among stock concentration (C₁), volume from stock (V₁), final concentration (C₂), and final volume (V₂).
Select the appropriate units for concentration (M, mM, µM, etc.) and volume (L, mL, µL, etc.). After entering three values, click the “Calculate” button. The calculator will automatically compute the missing value.
This tool is especially useful when performing serial dilutions, preparing reagents, or adjusting solution strength accurately without manual calculation errors.
Example Calculation
Suppose you have a 1 M stock solution and want to prepare 100 mL of a 0.1 M solution.
Using the formula:
C₁V₁ = C₂V₂
1 × V₁ = 0.1 × 100
V₁ = 10 mL
This means you need to take 10 mL of the stock solution and dilute it with solvent up to 100 mL to obtain a 0.1 M solution.
This calculator simplifies such calculations and ensures accuracy, making it ideal for students, researchers, and laboratory professionals.
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